{"id":3234,"date":"2026-10-08T10:25:26","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T15:25:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/accendoassociates.com\/?p=3234"},"modified":"2026-10-08T13:11:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T18:11:38","slug":"responsible-ai-governing-ai-inside-your-organization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/accendoassociates.com\/fr\/responsible-ai-governing-ai-inside-your-organization\/","title":{"rendered":"IA responsable : gouverner l\u2019IA d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sente dans votre organisation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"acc-signals\">\n<style>\n.acc-signals{--as-red:var(--global-palette1,#e30613);--as-ink:#0a0a0a;--as-body:#4b4b4b;--as-off:#eceae5;--as-cool:#efeff5;--as-rule:#d9d6cf;max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;color:var(--as-body);font-size:17px;line-height:1.65}\n.acc-signals *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.acc-signals h2{font-family:'Archivo',Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-0.02em;color:var(--as-ink);font-size:36px;line-height:1.1;margin:0 0 16px;text-transform:none}\n.acc-signals p{margin:0 0 16px}\n.acc-signals a{color:var(--as-ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--as-red);text-underline-offset:3px}\n.acc-signals a:hover{color:var(--as-red)}\n.acc-signals strong{color:var(--as-ink);font-weight:600}\n.acc-signals .as-edition{font-family:'Archivo',Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;color:var(--as-ink);font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px}\n.acc-signals .as-strap{padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:3px solid var(--as-red);margin-bottom:0}\n.acc-signals section{padding:36px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--as-rule)}\n.acc-signals .eyebrow{font-family:'Archivo',Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--as-red);margin:28px 0 8px}\n.acc-signals section>.eyebrow:first-child{margin-top:0}\n.acc-signals .descriptor{font-style:italic;margin:4px 0 22px}\n.acc-signals ul{margin:0 0 16px;padding-left:20px}.acc-signals li{margin:0 0 8px}.acc-signals .signals ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}\n.acc-signals .signals li{font-family:'Archivo',Arial,sans-serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.4;color:var(--as-ink);padding-left:16px;border-left:3px solid var(--as-red);margin:0 0 16px}\n.acc-signals .signals strong{font-weight:700;color:var(--as-red)}\n.acc-signals .explainer{background:var(--as-cool);padding:36px 32px;border-radius:12px;border-bottom:0;margin:24px 0}\n.acc-signals blockquote{margin:0 0 16px;padding:4px 0 4px 22px;border-left:4px solid var(--as-red)}\n.acc-signals blockquote p{font-family:'Archivo',Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-0.02em;color:var(--as-ink);font-size:26px;line-height:1.3}\n.acc-signals .footer{background:#111111;color:#cfcfcf;border-bottom:0;font-size:15px;padding:32px;border-radius:12px;margin-top:24px}\n.acc-signals .footer a{color:#ffffff}\n@media (max-width:600px){.acc-signals h2{font-size:30px}.acc-signals blockquote p{font-size:21px}.acc-signals .explainer,.acc-signals .footer{padding:24px 16px}}\n<\/style>\n<p class=\"as-edition\">\u00c9dition 01 \u00b7 Octobre 2026 \u00b7 Periode de couverture : septembre 2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"as-strap\">Accendo Signals est un guide mensuel sur l\u2019IA dans les march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents. Il est destin\u00e9 aux investisseurs impacteurs, aux banques de d\u00e9veloppement et aux pr\u00eateurs, aux entreprises agricoles et aux entreprises climatiques qu\u2019ils soutiennent. Chaque num\u00e9ro traite de ce qui a chang\u00e9, de l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 sont all\u00e9s les fonds et de ce que l\u2019on devrait demander \u00e0 l\u2019avenir. Cette \u00e9dition porte sur l\u2019IA responsable au sein de votre propre organisation. Cela signifie conna\u00eetre ce que l\u2019IA fait d\u00e9j\u00e0, ce qu\u2019elle fait et qui en est responsable.<\/p>\n<section class=\"section signals\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Trois signaux<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kenya :<\/strong> La banque centrale du Kenya souhaite que les banques soient pr\u00eates \u00e0 faire face aux fraudes et aux cyberattaques utilisant l\u2019intelligence artificielle. Ses projets de r\u00e8gles sont ouverts \u00e0 la consultation publique jusqu\u2019au 7 novembre 2026.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Argent :<\/strong> Entre le 1er ao\u00fbt et le 25 septembre 2026, 91 % des fonds consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019IA que nous avons recens\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 investis dans des centres de donn\u00e9es et des puces IA. La plupart de ces fonds provenaient d\u2019un seul pr\u00eat en Indon\u00e9sie. Sans ce pr\u00eat, ce pourcentage tombe \u00e0 51 %.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Approvisionnement :<\/strong> Les appareils IA lou\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s d\u2019une autre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9s sans pr\u00e9avis. Les meilleurs mod\u00e8les de poids moyen (disponibles pour t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement et utilisation par tous) viennent d\u00e9sormais d\u2019entreprises chinoises. Chaque entreprise doit donc savoir \u00e0 quel rythme elle pourrait passer \u00e0 un autre mod\u00e8le.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Lettre de l'\u00e9diteur<\/p>\n<h2>Three Ways AI Gets In<\/h2>\n<p>AI gets into any organization in at least three ways, and most responsible AI policies cover only the first. The first way is AI the organization chooses to build or buy. For a lender, that might be a tool that decides who gets a loan. For a farm business, it might be an app that advises farmers. For a foundation, it might be a tool that screens grant applications. The second way is harder to see. AI now arrives inside normal software updates from the companies that supply an organization&#8217;s accounts, customer records and payments. The third way may be the biggest. Staff use AI tools on their own phones and accounts because it helps them work faster.<\/p>\n<p>Le plus grand d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019IA de septembre portait sur un risque diff\u00e9rent. Dario Amodei dirige la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019IA Anthropic. Le 12 septembre, il <a href=\"https:\/\/darioamodei.com\/post\/we-must-pace-the-frontier\">a plaid\u00e9<\/a> Que les entreprises de l\u2019IA de fronti\u00e8re, celles qui construisent les mod\u00e8les les plus puissants, \u201c doivent ralentir le rythme auquel nous am\u00e9liorons les capacit\u00e9s des mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u201d. Sam Altman de OpenAI et Elon Musk <a href=\"https:\/\/siliconangle.com\/2026\/09\/13\/sam-altman-and-elon-musk-back-dario-amodeis-call-to-slow-down-the-frontier-of-ai-development\/\">convenu en quelques heures<\/a>. I found it interesting that the debate said little about the AI that organizations already use. For an organization serving people in Nairobi, Lagos, Chennai, Dhaka or Bogot\u00e1, that is where most of the risk sits today.<\/p>\n<p>Each of the three ways can hurt the people an organization serves. Lenders show this clearly. A loan tool can turn down a good borrower, and nobody can explain why. A software update can change the tone of repayment messages overnight. A staff member can paste a customer&#8217;s ID card and mobile money records into a personal AI app. That customer&#8217;s private data has then left the lender. For any organization, responsible AI means preventing these harms in all three ways, including in systems it never chose to buy.<\/p>\n<p>The first steps are cheap. Ask five frontline staff what they paste into AI tools. Write a one-page rule on which customer data must never go into a public AI tool. Ask every software supplier, in writing, which features use AI and which AI model sits behind each one. The board can then keep one list of all the AI in use, with a named person in charge of each item. The organization stays responsible for everything on that list, whatever its suppliers promise. The Portfolio Playbook below turns these steps into a one-month plan.<\/p>\n<p>Il existe un autre risque, et c\u2019est la fourniture de l\u2019IA elle-m\u00eame. Andrew Bailey pr\u00e9side le Conseil de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re (FSB), qui r\u00e9unit les principaux r\u00e9gulateurs financiers mondiaux. Il a adress\u00e9 une lettre aux ministres des Finances et aux chefs des banques centrales des pays membres du G20, un groupe des plus grandes \u00e9conomies du monde. Dans cette lettre, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsb.org\/2026\/08\/fsb-chairs-letter-to-g20-finance-ministers-and-central-bank-governors-august-2026\/\">publi\u00e9 le 31 ao\u00fbt<\/a>, he said that &#8220;for the financial system, the most immediate concern is the potential impact of frontier AI on cyber risk&#8221;. He also warned about relying on a few big technology suppliers. For any organization this risk is practical. AI rented from a company can be switched off, and the best open-weight AI comes mostly from one country (see The Cost of Switching AI). So every organization needs a plan for losing an AI model.<\/p>\n<p>Accendo Associates is writing a four-part series with a partner organization on how lenders and other financial service providers can make that plan. It starts with a simple design. The organization connects to every AI model through one single point. At that point, it decides which customer data goes where and which model does which job.<\/p>\n<p>The organizations best positioned for AI may not be those running the largest or newest models. They may be the ones that know what is already running inside them.<\/p>\n<p><em>Prateek Shrivastava, associ\u00e9 directeur, Accendo Associates<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Portfolio Playbook<\/p>\n<p class=\"descriptor\">Un plan pratique que les investisseurs peuvent mettre en \u0153uvre cette semaine en faveur des entreprises qu'ils soutiennent.<\/p>\n<h2>Know Your AI in Four Weeks<\/h2>\n<p>Chaque entreprise devrait commencer par une seule t\u00e2che. Elle devrait d\u00e9terminer quelles technologies d\u2019intelligence artificielle sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours d\u2019utilisation, qui est responsable de chaque outil et que se passe-t-il si un outil tombe en panne. Un investisseur peut demander toutes ces informations dans une seule demande. Dans ce plan, l\u2019intelligence artificielle d\u00e9signe tout outil qui pr\u00e9dit, \u00e9value, trie ou r\u00e9dige quelque chose sans que l\u2019\u00eatre humain ne fasse chacun de ces \u00e9tapes.<\/p>\n<p>In the first month, a small team can list every AI tool the company uses and brief the board on what it found. Testing every fallback can take one or two more months, and that is normal. Two tools later in this edition help. The first is four questions to send every supplier (see Europe and the US Split on AI Rules). The second is a fallback table, which shows what the company would switch to if an AI tool stopped (see The Cost of Switching AI).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Premi\u00e8re semaine, la liste.<\/strong> List every AI tool across the three ways AI gets in. Include what the company built or bought, what arrived inside supplier software, and what staff use on their own accounts. Count chat assistants and coding tools too. A short anonymous staff survey finds tools the official list misses, as long as no one gets in trouble for answering.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Deuxi\u00e8me semaine, les fournisseurs.<\/strong> Envoyez par \u00e9crit les quatre questions \u00e0 chaque fournisseur. Les grands fournisseurs d\u2019IA ne remplissent rarement de formulaires, alors sauvegardez leurs conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales publi\u00e9es et le lien web comme r\u00e9ponse. Si un fournisseur n\u2019a pas r\u00e9pondu dans les 15 jours ouvrables, notez-le comme \u201c pas de r\u00e9ponse \u201d et soumettez-le lors de la prochaine r\u00e9vision du contrat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Troisi\u00e8me semaine, la derni\u00e8re chance.<\/strong> Choisissez tous les outils d\u2019IA qui prennent des d\u00e9cisions concernant des personnes ou de l\u2019argent. Remplissez une ligne de la table de sauvegarde pour chacun d\u2019entre eux. Cette deuxi\u00e8me solution peut \u00eatre un deuxi\u00e8me fournisseur ou des employ\u00e9s qui effectuent eux-m\u00eames le travail pendant un certain temps. Pratiquez un seul changement pour voir combien de temps cela prend. V\u00e9rifiez \u00e9galement deux points que la loi peut requ\u00e9rir. Les donn\u00e9es client doivent rester dans les endroits autoris\u00e9s par la loi, et les personnes doivent pouvoir demander \u00e0 une personne de r\u00e9viser une d\u00e9cision prise par un ordinateur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quatri\u00e8me semaine, le conseil d'administration.<\/strong> Amenez trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 la prochaine r\u00e9union du conseil d\u2019administration ou du comit\u00e9 de risque. Il s\u2019agit de la liste, de la personne responsable de chaque outil et de la premi\u00e8re modification que l\u2019entreprise fera. Une jeune entreprise sans conseil d\u2019administration peut envoyer la m\u00eame note aux investisseurs principaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le v\u00e9ritable test concerne les personnes que l\u2019entreprise dessert. Un bon r\u00e9sultat signifie que moins de bons clients sont refus\u00e9s, et tout le monde qui re\u00e7oit un refus re\u00e7oit une explication compr\u00e9hensible. Les donn\u00e9es client restent o\u00f9 elles doivent \u00eatre, et le service reste op\u00e9rationnel lorsque les clients en ont le plus besoin. Lors de la prochaine r\u00e9vision du portefeuille, les investisseurs pourront demander les quatre \u00e9l\u00e9ments que le mois produit : la liste des produits, les r\u00e9ponses des fournisseurs, la table de sauvegarde et la note du conseil d\u2019administration.<\/p>\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Portfolio Playbook<\/p>\n<h2>Startups Can Do This from Day One<\/h2>\n<p>Young companies can do all of this from day one, and that costs much less than doing it later. A startup building its first products has no old systems to clean up. It can set up its AI list, supplier questions and fallback table in its first month, for a few weeks of one engineer&#8217;s time. An established organization doing the same work later has to untangle years of systems. Investors in early-stage companies, such as foundations and venture funds, can ask for this before they invest.<\/p>\n<p>En ao\u00fbt et septembre, huit entreprises de l\u2019intelligence artificielle en phase pr\u00e9coce ont lev\u00e9 32 millions de dollars entre elles ; chacune d\u2019entre elles pourrait commencer de cette mani\u00e8re. Accendo travaille avec les investisseurs et les entreprises qu\u2019elle soutient, depuis les entreprises en phase pr\u00e9coce jusqu\u2019aux pr\u00eateurs \u00e9tablis. Nous aidons dans cette premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape et dans le plan d\u2019IA qui suit. Si une entreprise que vous investissez pourrait b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier, \u00e9crivez \u00e0 <a href=\"mailto:prateek@accendoassociates.com\">prateek@accendoassociates.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Les dirigeants<\/p>\n<p class=\"descriptor\">Nouvelles r\u00e8gles responsables en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA qui peuvent atteindre vos entreprises du portefeuille via leurs fournisseurs et investisseurs.<\/p>\n<h2>Europe and the US Split on AI Rules<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis g\u00e8rent les r\u00e8gles en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente. L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) dispose d\u2019une seule loi principale en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA. En juillet 2026, elle <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=OJ:L_202601744\">Il a retard\u00e9 l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de ses r\u00e8gles les plus strictes<\/a> jusqu'au 2 d\u00e9cembre 2027, y compris les r\u00e8gles relatives \u00e0 l'IA qui d\u00e9termine qui re\u00e7oit les r\u00e9compenses. Une r\u00e8gle est en vigueur depuis le 2 ao\u00fbt 2026 : les personnes doivent \u00eatre inform\u00e9es lorsqu'elles interagissent avec un syst\u00e8me d'IA.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00c9tats-Unis n'ont pas de loi nationale sur l'IA. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2025\/12\/16\/2025-23092\/ensuring-a-national-policy-framework-for-artificial-intelligence\">Ordre du Pr\u00e9sident de d\u00e9cembre 2025<\/a> Il vise \u00e0 \u00e9tablir une approche nationale et conteste les lois sur l'IA \u00e9labor\u00e9es par les \u00c9tats individuellement. Certaines \u00c9tats agissent toujours de leur propre initiative. Colorado <a href=\"https:\/\/governorsoffice.colorado.gov\/governor\/news\/governor-polis-signs-bills-law-making-colorado-even-better-place-do-business-breaking-down\">a sign\u00e9 une nouvelle loi<\/a> en mai 2026, sur les syst\u00e8mes informatiques qui prennent des d\u00e9cisions concernant les personnes. Le 16 septembre, la Conf\u00e9rence des superviseurs des banques d\u2019\u00c9tat (CSBS), le groupe des r\u00e9gulateurs des banques d\u2019\u00c9tat, a publi\u00e9 un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csbs.org\/newsroom\/csbs-announces-ai-supervisory-framework\">Liste de contr\u00f4le pour l'IA<\/a> ce que les inspecteurs de banque peuvent choisir d'utiliser.<\/p>\n<p>Few organizations in emerging markets fall directly under either set of rules, but they still feel them in two ways. Their software suppliers often sell in Europe and the United States, so they build their products to those rules. Their investors often come from those places and ask questions based on them. So at the next supplier review, any organization can ask four questions in writing. Which features use AI? Which AI model sits behind each one? Where does customer data go, and is it used to train AI? How will the supplier warn us before the AI changes? Investors can ask their portfolio companies the same four questions once a year.<\/p>\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Les dirigeants<\/p>\n<h2>La loi sur l'IA br\u00e9silienne attend<\/h2>\n<p>La loi br\u00e9silienne sur l\u2019IA est en suspens. Le d\u00e9put\u00e9 Aguinaldo Ribeiro pr\u00e9side le projet de loi (projet de loi 2338\/2023) au Congr\u00e8s. Il <a href=\"https:\/\/convergenciadigital.com.br\/governo\/marco-legal-de-inteligencia-artificial-so-vota-depois-das-eleicoes\/\">Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 fin ao\u00fbt<\/a> le Congr\u00e8s ne votera pas sur cette loi avant les \u00e9lections d\u2019octobre. Ainsi, les pr\u00eateurs br\u00e9siliens n\u2019auront probablement aucune loi sur l\u2019IA \u00e0 appliquer jusqu\u2019en 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Ils suivent encore aujourd'hui une r\u00e8gle : la loi br\u00e9silienne sur la protection des donn\u00e9es (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2018\/lei\/l13709.htm\">LGPD<\/a>, L\u2019article 20) permet aux personnes de demander une r\u00e9vision de d\u00e9cisions prises uniquement par un ordinateur. Si vous investissez dans un pr\u00eateur br\u00e9silien, demandez-lui comment il traite ces demandes de d\u00e9cision de pr\u00eat aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section explainer\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Explication<\/p>\n<h2>The Cost of Switching AI<\/h2>\n<p>Most organizations do not make their own AI, and they get it in one of two ways. Some rent it from a company over the internet. Others use an open-weight model. Open-weight means the company publishes the model&#8217;s trained settings, called weights, so anyone can download the model and run it on their own computers. Open-source goes further and also shares the data and code used to build the model.<\/p>\n<p>The cost of switching is the time and money it takes to move a service from one AI model to another. The team has to rewrite instructions and check the new answers. If a regulator approved the old system, it may need to approve the new one too. A slow switch hurts the people an organization serves. For a lender, loan applications get stuck. For a farm business, advice to farmers stops. That is why the cost of switching is part of responsible AI, just like testing for unfair results or protecting data.<\/p>\n<p>Les deux types d'IA comportent un risque de p\u00e9nurie. L'IA lou\u00e9e peut \u00eatre \u00e9teinte rapidement. Le 12 juin 2026, Anthropic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anthropic.com\/news\/fable-mythos-access\">Bloqu\u00e9 l'acc\u00e8s<\/a> \u00e0 deux de ses mod\u00e8les, Fable 5 et Mythos 5, suite \u00e0 une commande du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain en vertu des r\u00e8gles d\u2019exportation. Fable 5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anthropic.com\/news\/redeploying-fable-5\">Il est revenu pour tout le monde le 1er juillet<\/a>, et Mythos 5 sont revenus uniquement pour certaines organisations am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n<p>Les poids l\u00e9gers ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, mais les meilleurs mod\u00e8les proviennent de tr\u00e8s peu de sources. Le 8 octobre, les trois premiers mod\u00e8les poids l\u00e9gers de la liste sont issus de ces sources. <a href=\"https:\/\/artificialanalysis.ai\/models\/open-source\">Classement de l'analyse artificielle<\/a> Tous provenaient de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises : Xiaomi, Z.ai et Moonshot AI. Elles ont obtenu des scores de 44 \u00e0 46 points, contre 58 pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine. <a href=\"https:\/\/artificialanalysis.ai\/leaderboards\/models\">Le mod\u00e8le le plus lou\u00e9<\/a>. Le groupe de recherche Epoch AI <a href=\"https:\/\/epoch.ai\/data-insights\/open-closed-eci-gap\">d\u00e9couvert en mai 2026<\/a> Les mod\u00e8les de poids ouvert sont environ quatre mois en retard par rapport aux meilleurs mod\u00e8les lou\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>A simple fallback table manages most of this risk. It has one row for each AI service. Each row shows the model that runs it and the fallback, which can be a second model, a second supplier, or staff doing the work by hand. It also shows when the switch was last tested and how many hours it took. Investors can ask their portfolio companies for this table, and organizations can fill it in from their suppliers&#8217; answers.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Avanc\u00e9es dans le domaine de l'intelligence artificielle de petite taille<\/p>\n<p class=\"descriptor\">L\u2019IA a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour fonctionner dans des conditions d\u2019Internet faibles, d\u2019alimentation inconstante et sur des ordinateurs vieillissants.<\/p>\n<h2>Southeast Asian AI That Runs on Less<\/h2>\n<p>Le 18 septembre 2026, AI Singapore, un programme national, et le fabricant de puces NVIDIA <a href=\"https:\/\/sea-lion.ai\/blog\/uplifting-ai-in-southeast-asia-sea-announcing-nemotron-sea-lion-v4-8-in-collaboration-with-nvidia\/\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a publi\u00e9 de nouveaux mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA appel\u00e9s Nemotron-SEA-LION-v4.8.<\/a>. Ils sont con\u00e7us pour les langues d\u2019Asie du Sud-Est. Chaque mod\u00e8le est compos\u00e9 de nombreuses petites parties sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, et seules quelques-unes d\u2019entre elles fonctionnent simultan\u00e9ment. Cela permet au mod\u00e8le plus petit de fonctionner sur des ordinateurs modestes. Il dispose de 30 milliards de param\u00e8tres (les param\u00e8tres que le mod\u00e8le apprend), mais seulement environ 3 milliards sont actifs en m\u00eame temps. Les deux versions sont \u00e9galement disponibles en versions compress\u00e9es, aptes \u00e0 fonctionner sur des appareils proches de l\u2019utilisateur. Depuis f\u00e9vrier, le m\u00eame programme propose \u00e9galement <a href=\"https:\/\/sea-lion.ai\/blog\/introducing-sea-guard-safety-collection-safety-first-ai-built-for-southeast-asia\/\">SEA-Guard<\/a>, Des mod\u00e8les de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 adapt\u00e9s aux langues et aux cultures du Sud-Est asiatique.<\/p>\n<p>Avant de soutenir un produit bas\u00e9 sur ces mod\u00e8les, un investisseur devrait v\u00e9rifier trois choses. Premi\u00e8rement, v\u00e9rifier la licence, car le document de sortie n\u2019en mentionne pas la pr\u00e9sence. Deuxi\u00e8mement, demander des r\u00e9sultats d\u2019essai dans la langue des clients. Troisi\u00e8mement, demander le co\u00fbt r\u00e9el par conversation sur l\u2019appareil qui le permettra, mesur\u00e9 hors de tout cadre de d\u00e9monstration.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Flux de capitaux<\/p>\n<p class=\"descriptor\">O\u00f9 sont all\u00e9s les fonds consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA et quelle partie du syst\u00e8me d'IA a-t-elle financ\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>One Loan Was 82 Percent of the Money<\/h2>\n<p>Notre <a href=\"https:\/\/accendoassociates.com\/fr\/ai-investment-emerging-markets-aug-sep-2026\/\">Note sur les flux de capitaux du 28 septembre<\/a> AI conclut des contrats dans cinq r\u00e9gions du monde. Entre le 1er ao\u00fbt et le 25 septembre 2026, 25 contrats sign\u00e9s ont totalis\u00e9 3,79 milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains. Sur ce montant, 3,45 milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la puissance informatique, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire aux centres de donn\u00e9es et aux puces d\u2019IA.<\/p>\n<p>Un seul accord repr\u00e9sente la majeure partie du total. Zankore loue des capacit\u00e9s de calcul IA en Indon\u00e9sie. Il a sign\u00e9 un pr\u00eat de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 3,1 milliards de dollars avec cinq banques pour acheter des puces IA. Ce seul pr\u00eat repr\u00e9sente 82 % de l\u2019ensemble des fonds. Sans ce pr\u00eat, le total tombe \u00e0 690 millions de dollars, et la part attribu\u00e9e aux capacit\u00e9s de calcul chute \u00e0 51 %.<\/p>\n<p>Les entreprises qui d\u00e9veloppent des produits d\u2019IA pour leurs clients ont clos 15 des 25 projets, pour un total de 169 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains. Le plus important a \u00e9t\u00e9 de 125 millions de dollars pour Kapital Grupo Financiero au Mexique. Huit jeunes start-ups ont lev\u00e9 entre elles 32 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains, et trois subventions suppl\u00e9mentaires ont ajout\u00e9 11,5 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains. Le reste n\u2019a pas indiqu\u00e9 le montant de leurs lev\u00e9es de fonds.<\/p>\n<p>Lisez ces chiffres avec deux mises en garde. Premi\u00e8rement, le gros pr\u00eat est comptabilis\u00e9 \u00e0 son maximum, tandis que les autres op\u00e9rations sont des investissements et des subventions. Ainsi, les chiffres indiquent o\u00f9 sont all\u00e9s les fonds, mais ils ne permettent pas de faire une comparaison r\u00e9aliste. Deuxi\u00e8mement, 10 des 25 op\u00e9rations n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 assorties d\u2019un montant pr\u00e9cis, de sorte que tous les pourcentages s\u2019appliquent uniquement aux op\u00e9rations ayant un montant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Asie du Sud-Est :<\/strong> 3 contrats sign\u00e9s d'une valeur de 3,1 milliards de dollars, presque tous issus du pr\u00eat Zankore.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Afrique subsaharienne :<\/strong> 3 accords sign\u00e9s d'une valeur de 470 millions de dollars (voir l'article \u00ab Regional Spotlight \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Am\u00e9rique latine et Cara\u00efbes :<\/strong> 9 accords sign\u00e9s d\u2019une valeur de 206 millions de dollars, les plus nombreux de toute la r\u00e9gion, men\u00e9s par Kapital Grupo Financiero.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Asie du Sud :<\/strong> 4 contrats sign\u00e9s d'un montant de 12 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains. Des projets de grands centres de donn\u00e9es en Telangana et en Odisha, en Inde, sont annonc\u00e9s mais pas encore sign\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orient et Afrique du Nord :<\/strong> 6 accords sign\u00e9s, mais seulement 1,5 million de dollars sont connus, car cinq accords sign\u00e9s par HUMAIN et White &amp; Case n\u2019ont pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 le montant.<\/p>\n<p>Les investisseurs qui envisagent un investissement dans un datacenter ou un processeur d\u2019IA peuvent commencer par une question : quelle part de cette puissance de calcul est r\u00e9serv\u00e9e par les entreprises locales ? Le Capital Flows Map est le registre personnel d\u2019Accendo des transactions d\u2019IA d\u00e9clar\u00e9es publiquement, et cette note explique comment nous les comptons.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Reportage r\u00e9gional \u00b7 Afrique subsaharienne<\/p>\n<h2>Le Kenya int\u00e8gre l\u2019IA dans les r\u00e8gles bancaires<\/h2>\n<p>Le 10 septembre 2026, la Banque centrale du Kenya (CBK) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralbank.go.ke\/2026\/09\/10\/draft-cbk-prudential-guidelines-risk-management-guidelines-guidance-notes-and-framework-for-domestic-systemically-important-banks\/\">a demand\u00e9 aux citoyens de faire part de leurs commentaires<\/a> sur les nouveaux projets de ses principaux livres de r\u00e8gles pour les banques. Les commentaires doivent parvenir au 7 novembre. Ces projets ne comprennent pas de chapitre s\u00e9par\u00e9 consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019IA. Toutefois, celle-ci appara\u00eet \u00e0 trois endroits. Les conseils d\u2019administration doivent s\u2019assurer que des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce bas\u00e9s sur l\u2019IA soient en place. Les auditeurs internes doivent v\u00e9rifier la fraude utilisant l\u2019IA. Les \u00e9quipes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 doivent se d\u00e9fendre contre les cyberattaques utilisant l\u2019IA.<\/p>\n<p>Les nouvelles r\u00e8gles r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 une demande claire des banques. Le CBK <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralbank.go.ke\/uploads\/banking_sector_reports\/595566510_Survey%20on%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20the%20Banking%20Sector.pdf\">enqu\u00eate men\u00e9e par l'entreprise elle-m\u00eame<\/a>, En utilisant des donn\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 fin 2024, l\u2019\u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la moiti\u00e9 des 125 institutions ayant r\u00e9pondu avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 recours \u00e0 l\u2019IA. Presque toutes elles, soit 93 %, souhaitaient des conseils de la banque centrale. Ces conseils figurent d\u00e9sormais dans les r\u00e8gles habituelles de la banque, et les clients en ressentiront le plus directement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la protection contre la fraude. Les escrocs peuvent utiliser l\u2019IA pour imiter une voix ou envoyer des messages convaincants, puis vider le compte mobile d\u2019un client avant que la banque ne le d\u00e9couvre.<\/p>\n<p>Les entreprises k\u00e9nyanes que vous investissez doivent commenter leur situation d\u2019ici le 7 novembre ; elles devraient d\u2019abord v\u00e9rifier deux choses. Quelle de ces r\u00e8gles s\u2019applique \u00e0 elles, puisque les banques de microfinancement et les pr\u00eateurs en ligne ont des r\u00e8gles distinctes ? Le plan d\u2019audit de cette ann\u00e9e couvre-t-il d\u00e9j\u00e0 les fraudes utilisant l\u2019IA ?<\/p>\n<p>La majeure partie des fonds sign\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion a \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019infrastructure. Nous avons relev\u00e9 trois op\u00e9rations en ao\u00fbt et septembre, d\u2019un montant de 470 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains. La plus importante \u00e9tait une investissement de 300 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains dans la West Indian Ocean Cable Company (WIOCC), une entreprise d\u2019infrastructures num\u00e9riques. Elle provenait de la Africa Finance Corporation et de Vision Invest. La deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tait un pr\u00eat de 170 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains du Fonds de coop\u00e9ration \u00e9conomique de la Cor\u00e9e pour la construction d\u2019un institut de comp\u00e9tences en IA et en comp\u00e9tences num\u00e9riques au T\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une des rares op\u00e9rations sign\u00e9es dans le domaine des comp\u00e9tences.<\/p>\n<p>Tout ce qui n'est pas li\u00e9 \u00e0 l'infrastructure re\u00e7oit tr\u00e8s peu d'attention. Depuis janvier 2023, la carte n'a trouv\u00e9 que 30 projets en Afrique subsaharienne li\u00e9s \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s autres que l'infrastructure. Ces projets concernent 23 pays et repr\u00e9sentent un montant total d'environ 110 millions de dollars (USD).<a href=\"https:\/\/accendoassociates.com\/fr\/necessary-not-sufficient-fund-flows\/\">N\u00e9cessaire, mais pas suffisant<\/a>). Lorsqu'une entreprise dans laquelle vous investissez envisage de lancer un produit d'IA, demandez-lui quel pourcentage du budget est consacr\u00e9 aux donn\u00e9es locales et \u00e0 la formation du personnel. Puis demandez-lui qui finance cette partie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Asie du Sud-Est :<\/strong> Le pr\u00eat de Zankore repr\u00e9sente presque tout l\u2019argent investi dans la r\u00e9gion. Le projet SEA-LION (voir \u00ab Avanc\u00e9es en IA petite \u00e9chelle \u00bb) a apport\u00e9 de nouveaux mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA pour les langues de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Asie du Sud :<\/strong> Reuters <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com.my\/tech\/tech-news\/2026\/09\/01\/india-preparing-rollout-of-agentic-payments-on-upi-sources-say\">r\u00e9pond\u00e9 le 1er septembre<\/a>, Selon des sources anonymes, la National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) pr\u00e9pare un nouveau syst\u00e8me qui permettra aux assistants intelligents d\u2019effectuer de petits paiements via UPI, le r\u00e9seau de paiement instantan\u00e9 de l\u2019Inde, sans que l\u2019utilisateur n\u2019ait besoin d\u2019approuver chacun d\u2019eux. Pine Labs, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 indienne de paiements, met en \u0153uvre un syst\u00e8me similaire depuis juin. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tribuneindia.com\/news\/business\/pine-labs-launches-ai-driven-agentic-payment-protocol\/\">ne n\u00e9cessite l\u2019autorisation du client qu\u2019une fois<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Am\u00e9rique latine et Cara\u00efbes :<\/strong> La CAF, la banque de d\u00e9veloppement pour l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et les Cara\u00efbes, a annonc\u00e9 un plan de 12 milliards de dollars pour le changement num\u00e9rique. Le plan n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orient et Afrique du Nord :<\/strong> Le plan de l\u2019\u00c9gypte pour un centre national de donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019IA est \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 mais n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section overheard\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">\u00c9cout\u00e9 par hasard<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cUne institution peut externaliser la calculs, mais elle ne peut pas externaliser les cons\u00e9quences.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Rohit Jain, vice-gouverneur de la Reserve Bank of India, discours principal au Global Fintech Fest, Mumbai, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbi.org.in\/Scripts\/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=1577\">9 septembre 2026<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"eyebrow\">Ce que nous regardons<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trois d\u00e9lais.<\/strong> Le rapport final du FSB sur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsb.org\/2026\/06\/fsb-consults-on-sound-practices-for-the-responsible-adoption-of-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\">Douze bonnes pratiques pour une IA responsable<\/a> La date d\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de ces nouvelles r\u00e8gles concernant l\u2019IA est pr\u00e9vue pour octobre 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/coag.gov\/ai\/\">termine le 26 octobre<\/a>. Le d\u00e9lai de commentaires au Kenya prend fin le 7 novembre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Un panneau.<\/strong> Le 28 octobre \u00e0 08h00 heure de New York, Accendo organise un panel sur la mani\u00e8re de mobiliser davantage d\u2019investissements dans l\u2019IA en Afrique en dehors des centres de donn\u00e9es (<a href=\"https:\/\/accendoassociates.com\/fr\/aicircle-africa-ai-stack\/\">Inscrivez-vous ici<\/a>). Les intervenants sont Nick Williams (Banque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement), Johan Bosini (Quona Capital) et Snehar Shah (iXAfrica). Le panel reprend l\u00e0 o\u00f9 s\u2019arr\u00eate le reportage r\u00e9gional.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Deux tests.<\/strong> Premi\u00e8rement, nous observerons si les huit plus importants projets d\u2019IA non sign\u00e9s sur la carte des flux de capitaux, d\u2019un montant de 66,6 milliards de dollars, se traduisent par des accords sign\u00e9s. Deuxi\u00e8mement, nous observerons si NPCI confirme son syst\u00e8me de paiements en IA.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section footer\">\n<p>Accendo Signals est \u00e9crit par Accendo Associates. Si nous avons omis un accord sign\u00e9, veuillez \u00e9crire \u00e0 <a href=\"mailto:prateek@accendoassociates.com\">prateek@accendoassociates.com<\/a> et nous l'ajouterons \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/accendoassociates.com\/fr\/capital-flows-map\/\">Carte des flux de capitaux<\/a>, d\u00e9sormais en anglais, espagnol et fran\u00e7ais. Ce bulletin d\u2019information ne constitue pas un avis juridique ou r\u00e9glementaire. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 avec l\u2019aide d\u2019intelligence artificielle et a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9dit\u00e9 et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 par l\u2019auteur.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Responsible AI starts with knowing what is already running. Edition 01 of Accendo Signals covers three ways AI enters a lender, Kenya\u2019s draft AI bank rules, where USD 3.79 billion of signed AI capital landed, and the cost of switching models.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3237,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_swpsp_post_exclude":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[65,60,61,57,64],"class_list":["post-3234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-accendo-signals","tag-ai-governance","tag-capital-flows","tag-emerging-markets","tag-impact-investing","tag-responsible-ai"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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